The branch of medicine that deals with diagnoses and treatments of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders is called Otolaryngology. Doctors who specialize in this branch are called Otorhinolaryngologists (ORL) or otolaryngologists. However, they are more commonly known as Eye, Nose, and Throat (ENT) doctors.
Otolaryngology focuses on diseases found in the larynx, sinuses, upper pharynx, and oral cavity. ENT doctors are also trained to treat and manage disorders affecting a person’s neck and face structures, as well as possible speech impairments.
There are two special areas of Otolaryngology. The first area involves the study, treatment, and management of ear and temporal bone diseases. This is called Otology/Neurology. It also involves diagnosis and treatment of hearing and balance disorders.
The second area of Otolaryngology is focused on ear, nose, and throat disorders that occur in children. Pediatric Otolaryngology focuses on children’s problems with speech, voice, language, and hearing.
Known as the oldest medical specialty in the United States, the practice of Otolaryngology dates back to the 19th century when doctors developed several techniques and tools aimed at studying the structures of the head and neck.
An otolaryngologist who deals with nose disorders is called a rhinologist, while an otologist is an ear specialist. Otolaryngologists who concentrate on problems of the throat are called laryngologists.
The practice of Otolaryngology also involves cosmetic plastic and reconstructive surgery.
