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Endocrinology is an area of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. Hormones are molecules that function as signals from one type of cells to another. Most hormones reach their targets through the blood. While every organ system secretes and reacts to hormones (including the lungs, brain, intestine, hypothalamus, heart, liver, skin, bone, placenta, stomach, and the kidney), the clinical forte of endocrinology concentrates primarily on the endocrine organs, meaning those whose chief function is hormone secretion. The major endocrine glands are Adrenals, Hypothalamus, Ovaries, Pancreas, Parathyroid, Pineal, Pituitary, Testes, and Thyroid

An endocrinologist is a doctor whose focus is treating diseases of the endocrine system. Some of these endocrinological diseases include Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, Hypoglycemia, Diabetes mellitus, Osteoporosis, Rickets, Hyperparathyroidism, Hermaphroditism, Amenorrhea, Hyperthyroidism, Multiple endocrine neoplasia, Thyroid cancer, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Gender identity disorder, Delayed puberty, Ovarian failure, Testicular failure, and Turner syndrome.